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Compare Baker Island (2002) - Liechtenstein (2002)

Compare Baker Island (2002) z Liechtenstein (2002)

 Baker Island (2002)Liechtenstein (2002)
 Baker IslandLiechtenstein
Administrative divisions - 11 communes (Gemeinden, singular - Gemeinde); Balzers, Eschen, Gamprin, Mauren, Planken, Ruggell, Schaan, Schellenberg, Triesen, Triesenberg, Vaduz
Age structure - 0-14 years: 18.3% (male 3,003; female 3,001)


15-64 years: 70.5% (male 11,530; female 11,639)


65 years and over: 11.2% (male 1,494; female 2,175) (2002 est.)
Agriculture - products - wheat, barley, corn, potatoes; livestock, dairy products
Airports 1 abandoned World War II runway of 1,665 m, completely covered with vegetation and unusable none (2001)
Area total: 1.4 sq km


land: 1.4 sq km


water: 0 sq km		 total: 160 sq km


land: 160 sq km


water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative about 2.5 times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC about 0.9 times the size of Washington, DC
Background The US took possession of the island in 1857, and its guano deposits were mined by US and British companies during the second half of the 19th century. In 1935, a short-lived attempt at colonization was begun on this island - as well as on nearby Howland Island - but was disrupted by World War II and thereafter abandoned. Presently the island is a National Wildlife Refuge run by the US Department of the Interior; a day beacon is situated near the middle of the west coast. The Principality of Liechtenstein was established within the Holy Roman Empire in 1719; it became a sovereign state in 1806. Until the end of World War I, it was closely tied to Austria, but the economic devastation caused by that conflict forced Liechtenstein to conclude a customs and monetary union with Switzerland. Since World War II (in which Liechtenstein remained neutral) the country's low taxes have spurred outstanding economic growth. However, shortcomings in banking regulatory oversight have resulted in concerns about the use of the financial institutions for money laundering.
Birth rate - 11.24 births/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Budget - revenues: $424.2 million


expenditures: $414.1 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1998 est.)
Capital - Vaduz
Climate equatorial; scant rainfall, constant wind, burning sun continental; cold, cloudy winters with frequent snow or rain; cool to moderately warm, cloudy, humid summers
Coastline 4.8 km 0 km (doubly landlocked)
Constitution - 5 October 1921
Country name conventional long form: none


conventional short form: Baker Island		 conventional long form: Principality of Liechtenstein


conventional short form: Liechtenstein


local long form: Fuerstentum Liechtenstein


local short form: Liechtenstein
Currency - Swiss franc (CHF)
Death rate - 6.76 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Debt - external - $0 (1996) (2001)
Dependency status unincorporated territory of the US; administered from Washington, DC, by the Fish and Wildlife Service of the US Department of the Interior as part of the National Wildlife Refuge system -
Diplomatic representation from the US - the US does not have an embassy in Liechtenstein, but the US Ambassador to Switzerland is also accredited to Liechtenstein
Diplomatic representation in the US - chief of mission: Ambassador Claudia FRITSCHE


chancery: 1300 Eye Street NW, Suite 550W, Washington, DC 20005


telephone: [1] (202) 216-0460


FAX: [1] (202) 216-0459
Disputes - international none Liechtenstein's royal family claims restitution for 1,600 sq km of land in the Czech Republic confiscated in 1918
Economic aid - recipient - none
Economy - overview no economic activity Despite its small size and limited natural resources, Liechtenstein has developed into a prosperous, highly industrialized, free-enterprise economy with a vital financial service sector and living standards on a par with the urban areas of its large European neighbors. The Liechtenstein economy is widely diversified with a large number of small businesses. Low business taxes - the maximum tax rate is 20% - and easy incorporation rules have induced a large number of holding or so-called letter box companies to establish nominal offices in Liechtenstein, providing 30% of state revenues. The country participates in a customs union with Switzerland and uses the Swiss franc as its national currency. It imports more than 90% of its energy requirements. Liechtenstein has been a member of the European Economic Area (an organization serving as a bridge between European Free Trade Association (EFTA) and EU) since May 1995. The government is working to harmonize its economic policies with those of an integrated Europe.
Electricity - consumption - 313.45 million kWh NA kWh (2001)
Electricity - exports - NA kWh (2001)
Electricity - imports - 232.847 million kWh NA kWh (2001)
Electricity - production by source - fossil fuel: NA%


hydro: NA% 98%


nuclear: NA%


other: NA% 2% (2001)
Elevation extremes lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m


highest point: unnamed location 8 m		 lowest point: Ruggeller Riet 430 m


highest point: Grauspitz 2,599 m
Environment - current issues no natural fresh water resources NA
Environment - international agreements - party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands


signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Law of the Sea
Ethnic groups - Alemannic 86%, Italian, Turkish, and other 14%
Exchange rates - Swiss francs per US dollar - 1.6668 (January 2002), 1.6876 (2001), 1.6888 (2000), 1.5022 (1999), 1.4498 (1998), 1.4513 (1997)
Executive branch - chief of state: Prince HANS ADAM II (since 13 November 1989, assumed executive powers 26 August 1984); Heir Apparent Prince ALOIS, son of the monarch (born 11 June 1968)


head of government: Head of Government Otmar HASLER (since 5 April 2001) and Deputy Head of Government Rita KIEBER-BECK (since 5 April 2001)


cabinet: Cabinet elected by the Parliament, confirmed by the monarch


elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party in the Diet is usually appointed the head of government by the monarch and the leader of the largest minority party in the Diet is usually appointed the deputy head of government by the monarch
Exports - $2.47 billion (1996)
Exports - commodities - small specialty machinery, connectors for audio and video, parts for motor vehicles, dental products, hardware, prepared foodstuffs, electronic equipment, optical products
Exports - partners - EU 62.6% (Germany 24.3%, Austria 9.5%, France 8.9%, Italy 6.6%, UK 4.6%), US 18.9%, Switzerland 15.7%
Fiscal year - calendar year
Flag description the flag of the US is used two equal horizontal bands of blue (top) and red with a gold crown on the hoist side of the blue band
GDP - purchasing power parity - $730 million (1998 est.)
GDP - composition by sector - agriculture: NA%


industry: NA% 40%


services: NA% (1999)
GDP - per capita - purchasing power parity - $23,000 (1998 est.)
GDP - real growth rate - NA%
Geographic coordinates 0 13 N, 176 31 W 47 16 N, 9 32 E
Geography - note treeless, sparse, and scattered vegetation consisting of grasses, prostrate vines, and low growing shrubs; primarily a nesting, roosting, and foraging habitat for seabirds, shorebirds, and marine wildlife along with Uzbekistan, one of only two doubly landlocked countries in the world; variety of microclimatic variations based on elevation
Highways - total: 250 km


paved: 250 km


unpaved: 0 km
Household income or consumption by percentage share - lowest 10%: NA%


highest 10%: NA%
Illicit drugs - multilateral organizations engaged in issuing international guidelines for financial sector oversight found gaps in Liechtenstein's financial services controls that made it vulnerable to money laundering, but Liechtenstein has become less attractive as a haven for illicit funds, based on implementation in 2001 of new anti-money-laundering legislation and improved mutual legal assistance cooperation with other countries
Imports - $917.3 million (1996)
Imports - commodities - agricultural products, raw materials, machinery, metal goods, textiles, foodstuffs, motor vehicles
Imports - partners - EU countries, Switzerland
Independence - 23 January 1719 Imperial Principality of Liechtenstein established; 12 July 1806 established independence from the Holy Roman Empire
Industrial production growth rate - NA%
Industries - electronics, metal manufacturing, dental products, ceramics, pharmaceuticals, food products, precision instruments, tourism, optical instruments
Infant mortality rate - 4.92 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) - 1% (2001)
International organization participation - CE, EBRD, ECE, EFTA, IAEA, ICRM, IFRCS, Interpol, IOC, ITU, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UPU, WIPO, WTrO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) - 44 (Liechtenstein and Switzerland) (2000)
Irrigated land 0 sq km (1998 est.) NA sq km
Judicial branch - Supreme Court or Oberster Gerichtshof; Court of Appeal or Obergericht
Labor force - 28,783 of which 13,847 are foreigners; 8,231 commute from Austria and Switzerland to work each day
Labor force - by occupation - industry, trade, and building 48%, services 51%, agriculture, fishing, forestry, and horticulture 1% (37256 est.)
Land boundaries 0 km total: 76 km


border countries: Austria 34.9 km, Switzerland 41.1 km
Land use arable land: 0%


permanent crops: 0%


other: 100% (1998 est.)		 arable land: 25%


permanent crops: 0%


other: 75% (1998 est.)
Languages - German (official), Alemannic dialect
Legal system the laws of the US, where applicable, apply local civil and penal codes; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
Legislative branch - unicameral Parliament or Landtag (25 seats; members are elected by direct, popular vote under proportional representation to serve four-year terms)


elections: last held 11 February 2001 (next to be held by NA 2005)


election results: percent of vote by party - FBP 49.90%, VU 41.35%, FL 8.71%; seats by party - FBP 13, VU 11, FL 1
Life expectancy at birth - total population: 79.1 years


male: 75.47 years


female: 82.74 years (2002 est.)
Literacy - definition: age 10 and over can read and write


total population: 100%


male: 100%


female: 100% (1981 est.)
Location Oceania, atoll in the North Pacific Ocean, about half way between Hawaii and Australia Central Europe, between Austria and Switzerland
Map references Oceania Europe
Maritime claims exclusive economic zone: 200 NM


territorial sea: 12 NM		 none (landlocked)
Military - note defense is the responsibility of the US; visited annually by the US Coast Guard defense is the responsibility of Switzerland
National holiday - Assumption Day, 15 August
Nationality - noun: Liechtensteiner(s)


adjective: Liechtenstein
Natural hazards the narrow fringing reef surrounding the island can be a maritime hazard NA
Natural resources guano (deposits worked until 1891), terrestrial and aquatic wildlife hydroelectric potential, arable land
Net migration rate - 4.93 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Political parties and leaders - Fatherland Union or VU [Dr. Heinz FROMMELT]; Progressive Citizens' Party or FBP [Johannes MATT]; The Free List or FL [Dr. Pepo FRICK, Karin JENNY, Rene HASLER]
Political pressure groups and leaders - NA
Population uninhabited


note: American civilians evacuated in 1942 after Japanese air and naval attacks during World War II; occupied by US military during World War II, but abandoned after the war; public entry is by special-use permit from US Fish and Wildlife Service only and generally restricted to scientists and educators; a cemetery and remnants of structures from early settlement are located near the middle of the west coast; visited annually by US Fish and Wildlife Service (July 2002 est.)		 32,842 (July 2002 est.)
Population below poverty line - NA%
Population growth rate - 0.94% (2002 est.)
Ports and harbors none; offshore anchorage only; note - there is one small boat landing area along the middle of the west coast none
Radio broadcast stations - AM 0, FM 4, shortwave 0 (1998)
Radios - 21,000 (1997)
Railways - total: 18.5 km


standard gauge: 18.5 km 1.435-m gauge (electrified)


note: owned, operated, and included in statistics of Austrian Federal Railways (2001)
Religions - Roman Catholic 76.2%, Protestant 7%, unknown 10.6%, other 6.2% (June 2002)
Sex ratio - at birth: 1.01 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 0.99 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.69 male(s)/female


total population: 0.95 male(s)/female (2002 est.)
Suffrage - 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system - general assessment: automatic telephone system


domestic: NA


international: linked to Swiss networks by cable and microwave radio relay
Telephones - main lines in use - 20,072 (2000)
Telephones - mobile cellular - NA
Television broadcast stations - NA (linked to Swiss networks) (1997)
Terrain low, nearly level coral island surrounded by a narrow fringing reef mostly mountainous (Alps) with Rhine Valley in western third
Total fertility rate - 1.5 children born/woman (2002 est.)
Transportation - note there is a day beacon near the middle of the west coast -
Unemployment rate - 1.3% (1999)
Waterways none none
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